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The Prairie Landscape Inventory (PLI) working team of Habitat Unit in the Fish, Wildlife and Lands Branch, Ministry of Environment aims to develop improved methods of assessing land cover and land use for conservation. Native grassland, in particular, has been one of the most hard to map at risk ecosystems because of difficulty for imagery classification methods to distinguish native from tame grasslands. Improved classification methods will provide valuable information for habitat suitability, identifying high biodiversity potential and invasion risk potential. <\/SPAN><\/P>

Badreldin, N.; Prieto, B.; Fisher, R. Mapping Grasslands in Mixed Grassland Ecoregion of Saskatchewan Using Big Remote Sensing Data and Machine Learning. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 4972.<\/SPAN><\/P>

https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13244972<\/SPAN><\/A><\/P>

The classification map has nine (9) classes: <\/SPAN><\/P>

1. Cropland <\/SPAN><\/P>

This class represents all cultivated areas with crop commodities such as corn, Pulses, Soybeans, canola, grains, and summer-fallow. <\/SPAN><\/P>

2. Native <\/SPAN><\/P>

This class represents the native grassland areas of the Mixed Grasslands, which are composed primarily of native grass species such as the needle grasses (needle and thread, porcupine grass and green needle grass), wheat grasses (slender wheatgrass, western wheatgrass and awned wheatgrass) along with June grass and blue grama grass. Also includes a variety of additional grass and sedge species, forbs such as pasture sage and some non-vascular species such as selaginella or lichens. <\/SPAN><\/P>

3. Mixed <\/SPAN><\/P>

This class represents one or more of the followings cases; <\/SPAN><\/P>

o A higher heterogenic grassland terrain with a mix of less than 75% native or/and less than 75% tame; <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Native or/and tame grassland affected by high abiotic stresses such as soil salinity and drought; <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Native or/and tame grassland affected by soil erosion such as water and wind erosions; <\/SPAN><\/P>

o A high disturbed area by livestock and human activities; and <\/SPAN><\/P>

o A bare terrain with low vegetation cover < 50% coverage in 100 m2 area. <\/SPAN><\/P>

4. Tame <\/SPAN><\/P>

This class represents the tame grassland areas that have in most cases been intentionally modified and seeded or planted with an introduced grass species such as crested wheatgrass and smooth brome. Russian wild rye is encountered typically planted in more saline areas. However, in more recent years\u2019 horticultural varieties of various wheatgrass species have also been introduced. Alfalfa and sweet clover are the most commonly encountered introduced forb species. <\/SPAN><\/P>

5. Water <\/SPAN><\/P>

This class represents one of the following hydrological forms: <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Lakes; <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Rivers; <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Water ponds; <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Streamflow; <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Dugouts; and<\/SPAN><\/P>

o Lower elevations in irrigated areas. <\/SPAN><\/P>

6. Shrubs <\/SPAN>(Modified from ISO 19131 Annual Crop Inventory \u2013 Data Product Specifications, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, 2013.)<\/SPAN><\/P>

This class represents the predominantly woody vegetation of relatively low height (generally ±2 m). This class may include grass or wetlands with woody vegetation, and regenerating forest. <\/SPAN><\/P>

7. Trees <\/SPAN>(Modified from ISO 19131 Annual Crop Inventory \u2013 Data Product Specifications, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, 2013.)<\/SPAN><\/P>

This class represents predominantly forest areas such as: <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Coniferous trees; <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Deciduous trees; <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Mixedwood area; and <\/SPAN><\/P>

o Other trees > 2 m height. <\/SPAN><\/P>

8. Woody plants <\/SPAN><\/P>

This class represents the sites dominated by woody vegetation including shrubs and trees with typically more than 20% canopy cover.<\/SPAN><\/P>

9. Urban area <\/SPAN><\/P>

This class was masked using urban/developed area class of the Annual Crop Inventory 2020 (Agriculture Agri-Food Canada), and limited within the urban municipality polygons.<\/SPAN><\/P>

Colour Classes:<\/SPAN><\/P>

Value Label Red, Green, Blue<\/SPAN><\/P>

1 Cropland 255, 255, 190<\/SPAN><\/P>

2 Native 168, 168, 0<\/SPAN><\/P>

3 Mixed 199, 215, 158<\/SPAN><\/P>

4 Tame 245, 202, 122<\/SPAN><\/P>

5 Water 190, 232, 255<\/SPAN><\/P>

6 Shrubs 205, 102, 153<\/SPAN><\/P>

7 Trees 38, 115, 0<\/SPAN><\/P>

8 Woody 137, 205, 102<\/SPAN><\/P>

9 Urban 128, 128, 128<\/SPAN><\/P>

Year:<\/SPAN><\/P>

The Year field represents the year the analysis was undertaken.<\/SPAN><\/P>

Accuracy:<\/SPAN><\/P>

Please also refer to the R_PLI_MixedGrasslandAccuracy raster , which depicts the estimated level of accuracy for the Mixed Grassland map layer.<\/SPAN><\/P>

Accuracy metrics: <\/SPAN><\/P>

The Moist Mixed Grassland model has an overall accuracy of 70.3 per cent. The table below summarizes the user\u2019s accuracy, producer\u2019s accuracy, and F1-score of the model on the validation dataset.<\/SPAN><\/P>

Class<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

User\u2019s accuracy (%)<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

Producer\u2019s accuracy (%)<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

F1-score<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR>

Cropland<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

74.7<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

87.1<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

0.81<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR>

Native grassland<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

61.7<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

78.3<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

0.69<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR>

Mixed grassland<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

57.7<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

26.1<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

0.36<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR>

Tame grassland<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

66.9<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

69.8<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

0.68<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR>

Water<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

96.3<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

84.4<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

0.90<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR>

Woody plants<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

81.1<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

73.2<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD>

0.77<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/TD><\/TR><\/TBODY><\/TABLE>

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